Glass fibre is the most important invention in the modern textile age. Glass fibre is special types of fibre that used for special purpose. This type of sophisticated fibres are used for communication, data transfer, or decorative purpose. Glass fibres able to transfer light, ray and radiation inside its subtle hole. Dyeing of glass fibre filaments, fabrics or fabric is not so easy. In this case, it must be taken into consideration that, under normal circumstances, there is no affinity between glass fibre and dye and that no penetration of the dye into the glass fibre is possible, only surface dyeing or coloration is possible. The following overview includes patented processes of glass fibre dyeing or coloration which must be regarded as being legally protected:
I. Fused mass coloration or dyeing: using coloured metal oxides yielding weak dyes only as the colour intensity inevitably decreases with the cross section of the filament.
II. Dyeing of activated surfaces of glass fibre: predominantly older processes of relatively little practical importance and usually yielding weak coloration, deficient in crocking fastness and, almost without exception, having a tendency to damage the fibres surface.
III. Direct dyeing methods of glass fibre: without pre-treatment, using conventional dyeing techniques and, in this case, yielding surface coloration or dyeing which is barely acceptable. Methods involving the deposition of water-insoluble dyes are exceptions to this but usually only weak coloration can be achieved, e.g., when using sulphur or vat dyes.
IV. Pre-mordanting dyeing methods: a) metal-salt process gives strong colours in some cases but almost always with insufficient crocking fastness, b) cation active process gives very strong colorations which, with the right choice of dye, can have good fastness properties against water and light but only moderate crocking fastness.
V. Bonding-agent dyeing methods: coating with dyeable or dyed films: a) pigment dyeing methods are the most elegant and simplest to use. Pale to medium shades are possible with maximum light, water and crocking fastness (with the right choice of dye) while the properties of the dark colours (marine and black) are frequently much worse. The principle consists of fixing the pigment using synthetic resins. b) Other bonding-agent dyeing methods are to some extent still very inconvenient and unsatisfactory (especially with regard to crocking fastness). Exception: Õ Corona discharge process with good overall fastness but crocking fastness and grease resistance are not completely satisfactory. No dark full shades obtainable.
I. Fused mass coloration or dyeing: using coloured metal oxides yielding weak dyes only as the colour intensity inevitably decreases with the cross section of the filament.
II. Dyeing of activated surfaces of glass fibre: predominantly older processes of relatively little practical importance and usually yielding weak coloration, deficient in crocking fastness and, almost without exception, having a tendency to damage the fibres surface.
III. Direct dyeing methods of glass fibre: without pre-treatment, using conventional dyeing techniques and, in this case, yielding surface coloration or dyeing which is barely acceptable. Methods involving the deposition of water-insoluble dyes are exceptions to this but usually only weak coloration can be achieved, e.g., when using sulphur or vat dyes.
IV. Pre-mordanting dyeing methods: a) metal-salt process gives strong colours in some cases but almost always with insufficient crocking fastness, b) cation active process gives very strong colorations which, with the right choice of dye, can have good fastness properties against water and light but only moderate crocking fastness.
V. Bonding-agent dyeing methods: coating with dyeable or dyed films: a) pigment dyeing methods are the most elegant and simplest to use. Pale to medium shades are possible with maximum light, water and crocking fastness (with the right choice of dye) while the properties of the dark colours (marine and black) are frequently much worse. The principle consists of fixing the pigment using synthetic resins. b) Other bonding-agent dyeing methods are to some extent still very inconvenient and unsatisfactory (especially with regard to crocking fastness). Exception: Õ Corona discharge process with good overall fastness but crocking fastness and grease resistance are not completely satisfactory. No dark full shades obtainable.
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